Controlled Injury

There are different types of injuries from accidents that we can or can not control, all of which can leave a scar on the skin. Basically all types of accidents that occur as a child or as an adult can leave a scar that reminds you of the incident later on.

We will address the basic skin problems that come from accidents and require artificial skin repair, such as scar surgery or skin grafts.

Skins Biological Reaction to an Injury

Scar Healing Process
When an injury occurs, a movement of different cells happens immediately and the complex healing process begins at the moment of injury.

Platelets and inflammatory cells are the first cells to arrive at the site of injury. They provide key functions and “signals” needed for the influx of connective tissue cells and a new blood supply. This process is named the inflammatory phase. The signs have been well recognized since ancient times: redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

The presence of wound macrophages is a marker that the inflammatory phase is nearing an end and the proliferative phase is beginning. Lymphocytes (white blood cell that helps the body fight infection) come into the wound area at a later stage.

As the Proliferative phase progresses, the predominant cell in the wound site is the fibroblast. These cells originate in the mesoderm that gives rise to the connective tissue of the body, blood vessels, and lymph vessels. The cells are responsible for producing the new matrix needed to restore structure and function to the injured tissue. Fibroblasts attach to the cables of the provisional fibrin matrix and begin to produce collagen.

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom, accounting for 30% of the total protein in the human body. In normal tissues collagen provides strength, stability, and structure. Collagen is needed to repair the defect and restore anatomic structure and function. If too much collagen is deposited in the wound site, normal anatomical structure is lost, function is compromised, and fibrosis occurs.

The collagen released into the extracellular space undergoes further processing by opening of the procollagen N and C-terminal peptides. In the extra-cellular spaces an important enzyme, lysyl oxidase, acts on the collagen to form stable cross-links. As the collagen matures and becomes older, more and more of these intramolecular and intermolecular cross-links are placed in the molecules. This important cross-linking step gives collagen its strength and stability over time.

In summary, the normal healing cascade begins with an orderly process of hemostasis and fibrin deposition, which leads to an inflammatory cell cascade characterized by neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes within the tissue. This is followed by attraction and proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen deposition, and finally remodeling by collagen cross-linking and scar maturation. Despite this orderly sequence of events responsible for normal wound healing, pathologic responses leading to fibrosis or chronic ulcers may occur if any part of the healing sequence is altered.

The Most Common Skin Reaction to a Surgery

Keloid scars are actually thick, puckered, itchy clusters of scar tissue that grow beyond the edges of a wound or incision and rarely regress. Keloid scars are sometimes very nodular in nature, and they are often darker in color than surrounding skin. They occur when the body continues to produce tough, fibrous protein (known as collagen) after a wound has healed.

Keloids can appear anywhere on the body but most commonly occur over the breastbone, on earlobes or on shoulders. Keloids frequently occur in people with dark skin, such as individuals of Asian, African, or Middle-Eastern descent. A person's tendency to develop keloids does lessen with age. However, one of the most troublesome aspects of keloid scars is their tendency to recur, sometimes requiring repeated treatment.

Keloids are fibrotic tumors characterized by a collection of atypical fibroblasts with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components, especially collagen, fibronectin, elastin, and proteoglycans. Histologically, keloids contain relatively acellular centers and thick, abundant collagen bundles that form nodules in the deep dermal portion of the lesion. Keloids present a therapeutic challenge that must be addressed as these lesions can cause significant pain, pruritus, (itch) and physical disfigurement that may not improve in appearance over time. They can even limit mobility if located over a joint.

Hypertrophic scars sometimes are difficult to distinguish from keloid scars histologically and biochemically.  Unlike keloids, hypertropic scars remain confined to the injury site and often mature and flatten out over time. Both types secrete larger amounts of collagen than normal scars, but typically the hypertrophic type exhibits declining collagen synthesis after about six months. However, hypertrophic scars contain nearly twice as much glycosaminoglycan as normal scars and this and enhanced synthetic and enzymatic activity result in significant alterations in the matrix which affects the mechanical properties of the scars, including decreased extensibility that makes them feel firm.

As with hypertrophic scarring, people who have developed one keloid scar are likely to be prone to this condition in the future and should alert their doctor or surgeon as they are more likely to need injections and more likely to need surgery to fix the affliction.  

Skin Implants: Second Degree Burn Treatment

Second Degree Burn
Sometimes referred to as partial thickness burns, second degree burns are characterized as either "superficial" or "deep". Both types penetrate deeper than a first degree burn and destroy the epidermal layers, extending into the dermis layer. They can cause damage to sweat glands and hair follicles and are extremely painful. They often cause intense swelling and also produce blisters, severe pain, and redness. The skin can appear from blotchy white to cherry red.

Most superficial second degree burns heal in 10 to 21 days, but leave a change in skin color and pigmentation. A deep second degree burn can be ivory or pearly white in color and may require a process known as skin grafting treatment.

Skin Graft Treatment
In its most basic sense, skin grafting is the transplanting of skin and, occasionally, other underlying tissue types to another location of the body. The technique of skin harvesting and transplantation was initially described approximately 2500-3000 years ago with the Hindu Tilemaker Caste, in which skin grafting was used to reconstruct noses that were amputated as a means of judicial punishment (Hauben, 1982). More modern uses of skin grafting were described in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. Today, skin grafting is commonly used in dermatologic surgery.

Most skin grafts replace the burned skin. Other skin grafts help by temporarily covering and protecting the skin as it heals on its own. In a skin grafting procedure, a piece of healthy skin is taken from an unburned area of the person's body (autograft), from another living or dead person (allograft), or from another species (xenograft)—usually pigs because their skin is most similar to human skin. The skin graft is surgically sewn over the burned area after removing any dead tissue and ensuring that the wound is clean. Autografts are permanent. Allografts and xenografts, however, are rejected after 10 to 14 days by the person's immune system. Artificial skin has been developed recently and can also be used to replace the burned skin. Burned skin can be replaced anytime within several days of the burn.

BIOSKINREPAIR ™ Treatment for Surgery & Skin Graft Scars

BIOSKINREPAIR ™ CREAM is natural product that can help your body regulate the levels of collagen, the most important component of the skin regeneration process. BIOSKINREPAIR ™ CREAM’S main component is the natural secretions from a Chilean land snail (Helix Aspersa Muller), the same they use to quickly repair their own skin and shell when damaged. It is a viscose liquid that is made into an odorless white cream with no alien or synthetic chemicals.

What is unique about it? Its high bio-availability and signaling function, which allows them to minimize scar tissue formation as well as reversing existing scar tissues.
 
BIOSKINREPAIR ™ CREAM is a Natural Cosmetic Product, not a Drug or Pharmaceutical Product Aimed to Cure a Disease.

Topical application of the cream on scars has shown to decrease dermal fibroblast proliferation, and prevent and reduce scars. Analysis of the mucin has determined that it contains activators of skin growth factors and antimicrobial peptides.

 Also present are natural anti-inflammatory and immune modulating proteins, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans that tightly bind divalent cations, such as copper (II), and a chain sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG), as a protein-free polysaccharide.


In a nutshell: BIOSKINREPAIR ™ CREAM is anti-microbial product that helps to prevent skin infections and minimize scars and even helps with the interface of skin during graft processes. You can use it for treating a wide variety of skin problems: wounds, rashes, cracked, dry skin, keloids, acne scars, stretch marks, and others. It also works great on post-surgical scars. It has been used on age lines, age spots, abrasions, athlete's foot, boils, chilblains, diabetic sores, diaper rash, infected nails, insect bites/stings, skin allergies and skin ulcers with incredible results. It is excellent for helping the skin to repair itself. It heals wounds with minimal scarring while shrinking old scars.